Estimating and Costing
The total length of a cranked bar through a distance (d) at 45° in case of a beam of effective length L, is

L + (2 × 0.42 d)
L + 0.42 d
L - (0.42 d)
L - (2 × 0.4 d)

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement in case of water supply.

Pipes are classified according to their sizes and quality
Cutting through walls and floors are included with the item
Pipes laid in trenches and pipes fixed to walls are measured separately
All of these

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement regarding the centre line method of estimating a building

All of these
The centre line is worked out separately for different sections of walls of a building
Product of the centre line of the walls and area of cross-section of any item, gives total quantity of the item
The centre line length is reduced by half the layer of main wall joining the partition wall

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