Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement in case of water supply.

Pipes are classified according to their sizes and quality
Pipes laid in trenches and pipes fixed to walls are measured separately
All of these
Cutting through walls and floors are included with the item

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied
The end sections are parallel planes
All listed here

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Estimating and Costing
While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

In thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar whichever is more
All of these
At the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25 mm or twice the diameter of the bar
For reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar which is more

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