Estimating and Costing
If B is the width of formation, d is the height of the embankment, side slope S : 1, for a highway with no transverse slope, the area of cross-section is

Bd + Sd2
B + d + Sd
½ (Bd + Sd2)
B × d - Sd1/2

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Estimating and Costing
In the mid-section formula

All of these
The area of mid-sections is calculated by using mean depth
The mean depth is the average of depths of two consecutive sections
The volume of the earth work is calculated by multiplying the mid-section area by the distance between the two original sections

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