Estimating and Costing
The reduced levels of points, 30 metres apart along the longitudinal section of a road portion between chainages 5 and 9 are shown in the given figure. If there is a uniform up-gradient of the road 120 in 1, the chainage of the point with no filling or cutting is

(6 + 12) chains
(6 + 18) chains
(6 + 15) chains
None of these

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Estimating and Costing
The correct Prismoidal formula for volume is

D/3 [first area + last area + 2 Ʃ Even area + 4 Ʃ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 4 Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D/6 [first area + last area + 2 ∑ Even area + 4 ∑ odd areas]
D [first area + last area + Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]

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