Estimating and Costing
The reduced levels of points, 30 metres apart along the longitudinal section of a road portion between chainages 5 and 9 are shown in the given figure. If there is a uniform up-gradient of the road 120 in 1, the chainage of the point with no filling or cutting is

None of these
(6 + 15) chains
(6 + 18) chains
(6 + 12) chains

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
All listed here
The end sections are parallel planes

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