Estimating and Costing
The main factor to be considered while preparing a detailed estimate, is

Availability of materials
Quantity of the materials
All of these
Transportation of materials

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Estimating and Costing
While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

All of these
In thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar whichever is more
At the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25 mm or twice the diameter of the bar
For reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar which is more

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