Estimating and Costing
The area of a sloping surface of a protective embankment of mean height‘d’, side slopes S: 1 and length ‘L’ is

√[d² × (ds)²]
L.D √(1 + s²)
2 L.D √(1 + s²)
d × d × s

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement regarding the centre line method of estimating a building

All of these
Product of the centre line of the walls and area of cross-section of any item, gives total quantity of the item
The centre line is worked out separately for different sections of walls of a building
The centre line length is reduced by half the layer of main wall joining the partition wall

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