Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

Either A or B, whichever is smaller
6% of I.D.
3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is larger

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing
Both B and C
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded
By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds

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