Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

All of these
Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter
O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres
Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch

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