Process Equipment and Plant Design
In perforated plate towers, the

Total hole area may be around 6 to 15% of tower cross-sectional area
All of these
Pressure drop is less compared is similar bubble cap towers
Hole sizes may be around 1/8" or 3/16"

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance
Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Both B and C
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter

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