Process Equipment and Plant Design
In perforated plate towers, the

Hole sizes may be around 1/8" or 3/16"
Pressure drop is less compared is similar bubble cap towers
All of these
Total hole area may be around 6 to 15% of tower cross-sectional area

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic average value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value

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