Process Equipment and Plant Design
In perforated plate towers, the

Pressure drop is less compared is similar bubble cap towers
All of these
Total hole area may be around 6 to 15% of tower cross-sectional area
Hole sizes may be around 1/8" or 3/16"

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic average value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current

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