Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Feed is not at its bubble point
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required
Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required
Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
None of these

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