Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More than the tube diameter
Equal to the tube diameter
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient

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