Process Equipment and Plant Design
Fouling factor must be included in the calculation of over all design heat transfer coefficient, when the liquid

Is highly viscous
Containing suspended solids flows at high velocity
Is of high specific gravity
Containing suspended solids flows at low velocity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

All of these
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
Trouton's rule is applicable
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant

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