Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column

Are normally located near the overflow weir so that any delivery of liquid during operation follows approximately the same path as the overflow fluid
All of these
Facilitate draining out liquid from a tray when the unit is not in operation
Must be large enough (usually 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent plugging but should not deliver excessive amount of fluid during operation

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