Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Perferably flow outside the tube
Flow at a very slow velocity
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation
Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"

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