Process Equipment and Plant Design
Large process vessels operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions are normally clad/ lined with materials like stainless steel, aluminium, nickel & its alloys, copper & its alloys and titanium. The cladding thickness is generally about __________ percent of the total thickness.

1 to 5
40 to 50
30 to 40
10 to 20

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Flow at a very slow velocity
Perferably flow outside the tube
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning
Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

Either A or B, whichever is larger
3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is smaller
6% of I.D.

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