Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

All of these
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant
Trouton's rule is applicable

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