Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required
None of these
Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc
For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
None of these
Are less prone to fouling
Are easier to clean

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