The maximum liquid gradient over a tray must not exceed

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The maximum liquid gradient over a tray must not exceed

Half the tray spacing

2"-3.5"

0.5" -1.25"

5"

Half the tray spacing

2"-3.5"

0.5" -1.25"

5"

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)

E/σ

Σ

Σ/E

E

E/σ

Σ

Σ/E

E

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit

Sub cooling of condensate is desired

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out

Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate

Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit

Sub cooling of condensate is desired

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out

Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

All of these

Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch

O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres

Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter

All of these

Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch

O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres

Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in temperature drop (in a shell and tube heat exchanger), the LMTD correction factor, FT

Decreases very rapidly

Increases linearly

Remains constant

Increases very rapidly

Decreases very rapidly

Increases linearly

Remains constant

Increases very rapidly

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is called the

Elastic limit

Ultimate stress

Breaking stress

Yield stress

Elastic limit

Ultimate stress

Breaking stress

Yield stress

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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design The maximum liquid gradient over a tray must not exceed

Process Equipment and Plant Design Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Process Equipment and Plant Design In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

Process Equipment and Plant Design With increase in temperature drop (in a shell and tube heat exchanger), the LMTD correction factor, FT

Process Equipment and Plant Design The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is called the

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The maximum liquid gradient over a tray must not exceed

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in temperature drop (in a shell and tube heat exchanger), the LMTD correction factor, FT

Process Equipment and Plant Design
The stress developed in a material without any permanent set is called the