Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a bag filter, the pressure drop increases directly as the

None of these
Density of the gas and inversely as viscosity of the gas
Density of the gas, but is independent of the viscosity of the gas
Viscosity of the gas and inversely as density of the gas

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column

Must be large enough (usually 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent plugging but should not deliver excessive amount of fluid during operation
Are normally located near the overflow weir so that any delivery of liquid during operation follows approximately the same path as the overflow fluid
All of these
Facilitate draining out liquid from a tray when the unit is not in operation

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