Process Equipment and Plant Design
High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

Tubes to avoid the expansion of high pressure shell construction
Shell side, if the flow is counter-current and tube side if the flow is co-current
Shell side for smaller total pressure drop
Shell side for large overall heat transfer co-efficient

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
All of these

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