Process Equipment and Plant Design
Steam economy is defined as the amount of evaporation per unit amount of steam used, while the capacity is the total evaporation obtained per hour. Use of multiple effect in evaporation

Does not affect the capacity
Increases economy
Both B & C
Increases capacity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
All of these
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
None of these
Are less prone to fouling
Are easier to clean

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