Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
All of these
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero

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