Process Equipment and Plant Design
LMTD correction factor is used in heat exchanger design for

Fouling fluids
Counter flow of hot and cold fluids
Multipass shell and tube heat exchanger
Double pipe heat exchanger

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)
Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67
Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ
Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ

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