Process Equipment and Plant Design
LMTD correction factor is used in heat exchanger design for

Double pipe heat exchanger
Counter flow of hot and cold fluids
Multipass shell and tube heat exchanger
Fouling fluids

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

All of these
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D

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