Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

None of these
Are less prone to fouling
Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
Are easier to clean

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube

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