Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance
Both B and C
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative evaluation of performance of the packed tower and the plate tower.

In operations involving large temperature changes. (e.g. distillation), plate towers are preferred over packed towers as the packing may be crushed due to large temperature changes
Plate tower is perferred, if interstage cooling is required to remove heats of reaction or solution
The total weight of a dry plate tower is usually much more than that of a dry packed tower designed for the same duty
Plate tower is preferred over packed tower, if the operation involves liquids containing dispersed solids

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13
Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13

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