Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Increases upwards
Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell

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