Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe concentric heat exchanger, the equivalent diameter of annulus for heat transfer would be (where, D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes)

(D₂² - D₁²)/D₂²
(D₂² - D₁²)/D₁²
None of these
D₂ - D₁

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Both B and C
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance

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