Process Equipment and Plant Design
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)
Distillation under vacuum is a substitute for steam distillation
In flash (equilibrium) distillation, a definite fraction of liquid is vaporised in such a way that the evolved vapour & residual liquids are in equilibrium with each other
In differential (simple) distillation, the vapour is removed as soon as it is formed without appreciable condensation
Flash distillation, differential distillation & steam distillation are all continuous distillation processes
EXAMIANS