Process Equipment and Plant Design
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)

E/σ
Σ/E
Σ
E

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative evaluation of performance of the packed tower and the plate tower.

The total weight of a dry plate tower is usually much more than that of a dry packed tower designed for the same duty
Plate tower is perferred, if interstage cooling is required to remove heats of reaction or solution
Plate tower is preferred over packed tower, if the operation involves liquids containing dispersed solids
In operations involving large temperature changes. (e.g. distillation), plate towers are preferred over packed towers as the packing may be crushed due to large temperature changes

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

Either A or B, whichever is larger
6% of I.D.
3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is smaller

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