Process Equipment and Plant Design
Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, σ = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)

Σ/E
E/σ
Σ
E

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

All of these
For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc
For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm

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