Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Irrespective of the shape of the vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a basket type evaporator.

Downtake is formed by the annular space between the bundle and the shell
There is no central downtake
The tube bundle is suspended on bracket
It is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation column.

Bubble cap trays though most expensive are the best in situations, where low vapour rates is to be handled and a positive liquid seal is essential at all flow rates
Valve trays have the highest turn down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the highest to the lowest vapour flow rates) and thus provides the maximum flexible operating range
Maintenance cost for valve and seive trays are comparatively more than bubble cap tray due to their relatively complicated construction features
Murphree efficiency of all the three trays are nearly equal, however the peak efficiency is generally higher for seive and valve trays than the bubble cap

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