Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Irrespective of the shape of the vessel

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Feed is not at its bubble point
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP