Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over the tray results due to the

Large reflux ratio
Resistance offered to flow of liquids by caps & risers and the flow of gas
Low gas velocity
Large plate spacing

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger is called the baffle pitch or baffle spacing, which is more than 1/5th the I.D. of the shell. Which of the following is not a function of the baffles?

To reduce the induced vibration in the tubes
To provide support to the tube bundle
To increase the tube side heat transfer co-efficient by inducing turbulence
To increase the residence time of shell side fluid

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