Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over the tray results due to the

Large reflux ratio
Large plate spacing
Resistance offered to flow of liquids by caps & risers and the flow of gas
Low gas velocity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to shell and tube heat exchanger.

Tie rods are fixed at one end in the tube sheet by making blind holes and the minimum number of tie rods is 4 with at least 10 mm diameter
Clearance between shell & baffles and between tube & baffles should be minimum to avoid by-passing of the fluid, but it should be enough to permit the removal of tube bundle
Baffles are supported independently of the tubes by tie rods and positioned by spacers
Bracket supports are used for horizontal shell, while saddle support is used for vertical shell

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