Process Equipment and Plant Design
The wall thickness of thin cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends is __________ that of the spherical ends.

More than
Either B or C; depends on maximum permissible internal pressure
Less than
Equal to

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Feed is not at its bubble point
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate column.

An increased weir height improves the tray efficiency at the cost of high plate pressure drop; optimum wear height being 40-90 mm for column pressure above atmospheric and 6-12 mm for vacuum columns
For segmental downcomers, the chord length is 60-80% of the column diameter. An initial value of downcomer area of 12% is taken in the design
Minimum recommended downcomer residence time for the disengagement of entrained vapour is the same for both foaming and non-foaming liquids, which is about 20 seconds
Width of the calming section provided at the inlet and outlet sides of the plate is 75 mm for column diameter below 1.5 metres and 100 mm for larger diameter columns

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