Process Equipment and Plant Design
The buckling tendency of compression members is always in the direction of the

None of these
Least radius of gyration
Axis of the load
Perpendicular to the axis of the load

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Remains same throughout
Increases upwards
Decreases upwards
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell

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