Process Equipment and Plant Design
The buckling tendency of compression members is always in the direction of the

None of these
Axis of the load
Least radius of gyration
Perpendicular to the axis of the load

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these

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