Process Equipment and Plant Design
Shortest distance between two tubes is

Called tube pitch
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to square pitch of tube layout
Called tube clearance
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia.

Diameter of Horton sphere is normally 6 to 25 metres and it is supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular or rolled section column
Thickness of spherical shell is half that of the cylinderical vessel under same operating pressure condition. Besides, the ratio of surface area to volume is less for sphere than any other shape ; hen
Horton sphere is used for the storage of gases and volatile liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 to 10 kg/cm²
Horton sphere is used for the storage of liquid at sub-zero temperature at very high pressure upto 200 kg/cm²

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Reflux is not a saturated liquid
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal

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