Clearance between shell & baffles and between tube & baffles should be minimum to avoid by-passing of the fluid, but it should be enough to permit the removal of tube bundle
Baffles are supported independently of the tubes by tie rods and positioned by spacers
Tie rods are fixed at one end in the tube sheet by making blind holes and the minimum number of tie rods is 4 with at least 10 mm diameter
Bracket supports are used for horizontal shell, while saddle support is used for vertical shell
In flash (equilibrium) distillation, a definite fraction of liquid is vaporised in such a way that the evolved vapour & residual liquids are in equilibrium with each other
Flash distillation, differential distillation & steam distillation are all continuous distillation processes
In differential (simple) distillation, the vapour is removed as soon as it is formed without appreciable condensation
Distillation under vacuum is a substitute for steam distillation
EXAMIANS