Process Equipment and Plant Design
In packed towers provided with pall rings liquid redistributors are positioned at heights of every 6 metres or 5-10 times the column diameter, whichever is less. Maximum size of the pall rings should not exceed __________ of the column diameter.

1/10-1/15th
1/20-1/30th
1/5-1/10th
1/2 to 1/4th

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia.

Horton sphere is used for the storage of liquid at sub-zero temperature at very high pressure upto 200 kg/cm²
Thickness of spherical shell is half that of the cylinderical vessel under same operating pressure condition. Besides, the ratio of surface area to volume is less for sphere than any other shape ; hen
Horton sphere is used for the storage of gases and volatile liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 to 10 kg/cm²
Diameter of Horton sphere is normally 6 to 25 metres and it is supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular or rolled section column

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
All of these
For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be

Less than that for fluid flow
More than that for fluid flow
D₂ - D₁ (D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes respectively)
Same as that for fluid flow

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