Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95
Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a bag filter, the pressure drop increases directly as the

Density of the gas, but is independent of the viscosity of the gas
Density of the gas and inversely as viscosity of the gas
None of these
Viscosity of the gas and inversely as density of the gas

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout
Increases upwards

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