Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
Equal to the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
More than the tube diameter

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