Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
All of these
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Flow at a very slow velocity
Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning
Perferably flow outside the tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process
Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
All of these
Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the distillation column.

The purpose of the slot is to disperse the gas into the liquid in the form of small bubbles
None of these
If sufficient slot area is not provided, the gas may pass through the skirt clearance
Generally, a skirt clerance of 0.5" to 1.5' is recommended to prevent plugging of the slots by residue build up

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