Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for a Tee (used as elbow, entering branch) would be

Both B and C
Less than that for Tee (used as elbow, entering run)
More than that for Tee (used as elbow, entering run)
Around 90

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
All of these
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout
Increases upwards
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell

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