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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design
For high pressure process equipments/vessels, the connected nozzle should be

Flanged
Brazed
Screwed
Welded

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipe, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by

Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 ρ0.18
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . ρ1.86 μ0.08
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . ρ0.23
Di, opt = 7.6 Q0.36 . ρ0.9

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum economic pipe diameter for fluid flow is determined by the

Viscosity of the fluid
Total cost considerations (pumping cost plus fixed cost of the pipe)
None of these
Density of the fluid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In shell and tube heat exchangers, straight tie rods are used to

Account for thermal strain
Fix the tubes in position
Hold baffle in space
None of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Steam economy is defined as the amount of evaporation per unit amount of steam used, while the capacity is the total evaporation obtained per hour. Use of multiple effect in evaporation

Both B & C
Does not affect the capacity
Increases economy
Increases capacity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a cylinderical vessel subjected to internal pressure, the longitudinal stress σL and the circumferential stress, σh are related by

σh = σL/2
σh = 2 σL
No relation exists
σh = σL

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