Process Equipment and Plant Design
For turbulent flow (NRe > 2100) of low viscosity fluid (μ > 20cp) in steel pipes, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by(where, Q = fluid flow rate, ft³/sec.ρ = fluid density, lb/ft³ μ = fluid viscosity, centipoise Di = optimum inside pipe diameter, inches)

Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . μ0.95
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . μ0.88
Di, opt = 4.7 Q0.36 . μ3.2ρ0.13
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 ρ0.13

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required
Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
None of these
Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc
For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
All of these

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