Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation
None of these
It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty

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