Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall tray efficiency of a distillation column is the ratio of the number of

Overall gas transfer units to the number of ideal trays required
Real trays required to the number of ideal trays required
None of these
Ideal trays required to the number of real trays required

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the

Geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD
Ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD
Differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD
Ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference

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