Process Equipment and Plant Design
The wall thickness for a large high pressure pipeline is determined by the consideration of the

Circumferential pipewall tension
Forces exerted by static and dynamic action at bends
Axial tensile stress in the pipe
Temperature stresses

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Trouton's rule is applicable
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
All of these
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant

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