Process Equipment and Plant Design
The wall thickness for a large high pressure pipeline is determined by the consideration of the

Axial tensile stress in the pipe
Temperature stresses
Circumferential pipewall tension
Forces exerted by static and dynamic action at bends

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia.

Horton sphere is used for the storage of liquid at sub-zero temperature at very high pressure upto 200 kg/cm²
Diameter of Horton sphere is normally 6 to 25 metres and it is supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular or rolled section column
Horton sphere is used for the storage of gases and volatile liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 to 10 kg/cm²
Thickness of spherical shell is half that of the cylinderical vessel under same operating pressure condition. Besides, the ratio of surface area to volume is less for sphere than any other shape ; hen

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