Process Equipment and Plant Design
Stage efficiency for packed tower varies with the

Type & size of packing
All of these
Operating pressure and column diameter
Fluid rates and fluid properties

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
All of these
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a basket type evaporator.

There is no central downtake
It is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling
The tube bundle is suspended on bracket
Downtake is formed by the annular space between the bundle and the shell

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