Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Feed is not at its bubble point
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning
Perferably flow outside the tube
Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Flow at a very slow velocity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to 'Horton sphere' used for the storage of liquid ammonia.

Horton sphere is used for the storage of gases and volatile liquid at a moderate pressure of 1 to 10 kg/cm²
Diameter of Horton sphere is normally 6 to 25 metres and it is supported by 6 to 12 nos. tubular or rolled section column
Thickness of spherical shell is half that of the cylinderical vessel under same operating pressure condition. Besides, the ratio of surface area to volume is less for sphere than any other shape ; hen
Horton sphere is used for the storage of liquid at sub-zero temperature at very high pressure upto 200 kg/cm²

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