Process Equipment and Plant Design
The design stress, which is more than the damaging stress, is the least unit stress that will render a member unfit for service before the end of its normal life. The design stress factor or factor of safety indicates the margin between design stress and the __________ stress.

Damaging
None of these
Allowable
Working

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Both B and C
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance

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