Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylinderical vessel of moderate height, the weld joint efficiency for joints parallel to the cylinderical axis is given as 1.0, while for joints along the girth (circumference) it is given as 0.8. In calculating the shell wall thickness using code formula for an internally pressurised cylinderical vessel, what value of weld joint efficiency should be used?

0.8
0.9
1
(0.8)0.5

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
All of these
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning
Flow at a very slow velocity
Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Perferably flow outside the tube

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