Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylinderical internally pressurised vessel, which of the following closure types would withstand highest pressure, if each closure is of the same material and thickness?

Flat plate
Conical
Hemispherical
Ellipsoidal (2 : 1)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Both B and C

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