Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylinderical internally pressurised vessel, which of the following closure types would withstand highest pressure, if each closure is of the same material and thickness?

Conical
Hemispherical
Flat plate
Ellipsoidal (2 : 1)

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages
Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process
Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More than the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Equal to the tube diameter
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"

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