Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More than the tube diameter
Equal to the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"

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